1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – INTRODUCTION
1. What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a set of technologies that enable computers or machines to perform a variety of advanced functions, including the ability to see, understand and translate spoken and written language, analyse data etc.
2. What can AI be used for?
AI can be used in many fields, including medicine to diagnose diseases, transportation with self-driving cars, and education by providing personalized learning experiences & Voice assistants like Siri & Google Assistant, which understand and respond to your spoken commands.
3. What is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is a type of AI where computers learn from data to make decisions or predictions without being specifically programmed to do so. Example, When you watch videos on YouTube, it shows you more videos you might like based on what you watched before. Another Example When you type a message on your phone, it suggests the next word
4. What is Deep Learning?
Deep learning is a branch of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) that uses artificial neural network to learn from large amounts of data by the way humans think and process information. Example: Self-driving cars, Facial recognition.
5. What does AI need to work?
•Data (lots of information)
•Brains (called algorithms)
•Computers (to do the work)
6. What is data?
Data means information. It could be pictures, words, numbers, or videos. AI uses data to learn.
7. What are AI algorithms?
AI algorithms are sets of rules or instructions that computers follow to solve problems or make decisions.
8. What is a chatbot?
A chatbot is a computer program that we can chat with. It uses AI to answer your questions like a person would.
9. Who uses AI?
AI is used by:
•Doctors (to help find diseases)
•Teachers (to help with learning apps)
•Drivers (in smart cars)
•Shoppers (online stores suggest things to buy)
10. Where do we see AI in real life?
•In mobile phones (voice assistants)
•In YouTube (showing videos you like)
•In self-driving cars
•In video games (smart computer players)
2.ALGORITHMS FLOWCHART
1. What is Algorithm?
Before writing a program code for a given problem in computer science, it is essential to design a set of steps to be followed to solve the problem successfully. This set of steps is called an algorithm.
2. What is a flowchart?
Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of the step-by-step plan to be followed for solving a task/problem. This diagrammatic representation is made up of shapes like boxes, diamonds, parallelograms, circles, ellipses connected by arrows. Symbols used in a flowchart
3. Benefits of using a flowchart
1. It gives a visual clarity to a problem.
2. It helps in practical problem solving
3. If we need to understand the code, we can refer to the flowchart.
Simple Example of an Algorithm
Topic: Making a SandwichAlgorithm Steps:
Step1: Take two slices of bread.
Step2: Spread butter on one slice.
Step3: Put some jam on the other slice.
Step4: Press both slices together.
Step5: Serve the sandwich.
Simple Programming Example - Task: Add two numbers
Algorithm Flowchart
Step1: Start
Step2: Take two numbers (example: 5 and 3)
Step3. Add the two numbers
Step4. Show the result
Step5: End
3.MORE ABOUT AI
1. Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence· Human Intelligence is our mental ability to take decisions, solve problems, and learn new things.
· Artificial intelligence (AI) is a machine’s ability to take decisions, solve problems, and learn (like a human being)
2. Properties that make a machine intelligent:
· Learning, Reasoning, Perception, Decision-making, Communication
3. What is Automation?
Automation means using technology, machines, or systems to execute tasks or processes with minimal or no human involvement.
Examples: automatic washing machines, sensor-activated doors, smart light.
4. What are the differences between AI and Automation?
Artificial Intelligence Automation
Thinks and learns like humans Follows fixed instructions
Can make decisions on its own Does repeated tasks automatically
Example: Chatbots, voice assistants Example: Washing machines, traffic lights
5. What is a domain?
A domain in AI means a specific area or field where AI is applied or used. It shows how AI works to solve problems in that area.
6. What are the three domains of Al?
· Data Science (Learning Domain)
AI learns from data to make decisions or predictions.
Example: Predicting exam scores from study time. Weather Forecasting
· Natural Language Processing (NLP)
AI understands languages and talks like humans.
Example: Chatbots or voice assistants like Siri.
· Computer Vision
AI sees and understands images or videos.
Example: Face recognition or detecting objects in photos.
7. How does Al work?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) works by using data and instructions (called algorithms) to help machines think, learn, and make decisions like humans.
8. Types of AI Based on Capabilities:
Narrow AI (Weak AI): Can do one specific task (e.g., voice assistants).
General AI (Strong AI): Can think and perform any task like a human (still theoretical & not yet been developed).
Super AI: More intelligent than humans (purely hypothetical as of now).
9. Types of AI Based on Functionalities:
Reactive Machines: Respond to current situations; no memory (e.g., Deep Blue chess computer).
Limited Memory: Uses past data to make decisions (e.g., self-driving cars).
Theory of Mind: Understands emotions and thoughts (not developed yet).
Self-aware AI: Has its own consciousness (completely hypothetical).
10. What is a Neural Network?
A neural network is a type of computer program made up of layers of tiny units (called neurons) that work together to learn from data and make smart decisions just like how our brain works.
4.APPLICATIONS OF AI IN DAILY LIFE
Q1. How does YouTube recommend videos to users?A: YouTube’s AI tracks the videos watched and suggests similar content based on user preferences.
Q2. How does Google Maps use AI?
A: It helps users find directions, shows traffic, and suggests the shortest route using location data.
Q3. What are digital assistants?
A: Tools like Alexa or Siri that use AI to understand voice commands and provide helpful responses.
Q4. Name any two AI applications used in real life.
Self-driving cars
AI fitness apps
Q5. How do AI fitness apps help?
A: They use cameras and AI to guide correct body posture during exercises.
Q6. What is AI Duet?
A: A music experiment where AI listens to your piano notes and plays music along with you.
Q7. How does AI help in art creation?
A: AI tools can stylize your artwork and suggest improvements based on patterns and colours.
Q8. What is a Recommendation System?
A: It suggests content based on user preferences, like YouTube video suggestions.
Q9. How self-driving car works?
A: A Self-Driving Car’s AI sees the world through a camera, and understands the movement of people and vehicles, and traffic signals, just like a human driver does.
Q10. How does AI interact with our world?
A: AI interacts with our world through five main steps:
Observing – AI gathers information using cameras, sensors, and microphones (like eyes and ears for humans).
Understanding – It processes data such as text, speech, images, and numbers (like our brain thinking about what we see or hear).
Deciding – AI chooses the best option based on the situation (like we decide what to do next).
E.g., Google Maps showing the shortest route
Acting – It performs the action, such as giving answers, driving a car, or suggesting a product.
Learning – AI remembers past experiences and gets better each time, just like humans learn from practice. E.g., YouTube learning your video interests.
Therefore, AI sees, listens, understands, decides, learns, and helps us, making life easier and smarter.
Summary
1. Artificial Intelligence – Introduction
· AI Definition: Technology that allows machines to see, understand language, analyze data, and make decisions.· Uses: Medicine (diagnosis), transport (self-driving cars), education (personalized learning), voice assistants (Siri, Google Assistant).
· Machine Learning (ML): AI learns from data to predict/decide (e.g., YouTube suggestions, predictive texting).
· Deep Learning (DL): Uses neural networks to mimic human thinking (e.g., facial recognition, self-driving cars).
· Needs of AI: Data + Algorithms + Computers.
· Chatbots: Programs that talk like humans.
· Applications: Schools, hospitals, cars, shops, and homes.
· History: Term "AI" coined in 1956 by John McCarthy (Father of AI).
2. Algorithms & Flowcharts
· Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.
· Flowchart: Visual diagram of an algorithm using shapes and arrows.
· Benefits: Clear understanding, problem-solving, easy code reference.
3. More About AI
· Human vs AI: Humans = emotions + creativity; AI = machine-based, data-driven.
· Automation: Machines performing tasks automatically (washing machines, traffic lights).
Domains of AI:
- Data Science → numbers (weather forecasting).
- NLP → language (chatbots, Alexa).
- Computer Vision → images (face recognition).
¨Narrow AI, General AI, Super AI. (Based on Capabilities)
¨ Reactive Machines, Limited Memory, Theory of Mind, Self-aware AI. (Based on Functionalities)
· Neural Networks: Programs inspired by the human brain.
4. Applications of AI in Daily Life
· YouTube: Suggests videos using AI-based recommendation systems.
· Google Maps: Uses AI to show directions, traffic, and shortest routes.
· Digital Assistants: Alexa, Siri respond to voice commands.
· Real-life AI examples: Self-driving cars, fitness apps.
· AI Fitness Apps: Check body posture during exercise.
· AI Duet: Plays music along with your piano notes.
· AI in Art: Stylizes and improves artwork.
· Recommendation Systems: Suggest content based on user interests.
· Self-driving Cars: Use AI to detect people, vehicles, and signals to drive safely.
· AI Interaction Steps: Observing → Understanding → Deciding → Acting → Learning.
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